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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are medicated. It can improve symptoms but it can also trigger negative side effects. Talk to your doctor in the event of any adverse reactions. most effective adhd medication for adults are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe to treat ADHD. These drugs increase the amount of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in children and adults. It works by increasing the activity in brain areas that control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate is also sometimes used to treat other conditions like the condition known as narcolepsy. It can assist people suffering from Narcolepsy to remain awake and improve their ability focus and pay attention. This medication has a high abuse potential and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. If you take this medication as prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse as well as other adverse effects. Methylphenidate may cause psychotic symptoms in some people. It may also worsen behavioral problems and tics in certain people suffering from Tourette's syndrome or bipolar disorder. Patients with these conditions should consult their doctor prior to taking this medication. Tell your doctor if there are any other health issues or if you have an allergy to dyes or foods. (For instance, tartrazine is a yellow color that can be present in processed foods and some medications. If you're on Adhansia, XR). Methylphenidate is a drug that can interact with other medications, including opioids such as antidepressants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil) or rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to avoid alcohol and other stimulant substances while taking methylphenidate. These drugs can have a harmful effect on your blood pressure or heart rate. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) as well as the oral disintegrating capsule that acts long-term and chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR-ODT) as well as chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR-ODT), contain the chemical phenylalanine. This could be dangerous if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria occurs. Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant medication, works in the brain and improves mood. It also helps reduce symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that manifests during the winter months of autumn and winter. It can also be used to help people stop smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Several studies of adults have revealed that bupropion helps improve ADHD symptoms in comparison to placebo. The fixed-effect RR pooled for week-6 improvement (using a clinically significant change of 30 percent or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95 percent CI 0.95 to 1.37) and for the overall response, the corresponding percentage of improved subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion group, compared with 37 percent in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with several different medications, including sedatives, antidepressants and some blood pressure drugs. It may also increase the risk of seizure in people who have an history of high blood pressure or seizures. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions and women who are pregnant or nursing are not advised to take it. Bupropion comes in the form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of drugs that affect brain chemicals. They were among the earliest antidepressants that were developed, and though they are no longer considered a first-line treatment for depression they can still be beneficial for people suffering from other ailments. They work by blocking the reuptakes of dopamine and serotonin, which increases the amount of serotonin that is available to neurons. They can also be used to treat a variety of other conditions, including enuresis, pain syndromes like fibromyalgia, and the phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed as a single or together with stimulants and they can have a positive effect on the symptoms of ADHD. They can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms and help reduce depression, anxiety and impulsivity. They can also aid in managing the tics. These are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as blinking or throat clearing. TCAs may cause adverse effects, such as dry mouth and sedation and can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues. These drugs can interact with other medications, including anticholinergics and should be avoided by pregnant women. They are also known to be teratogenic for animals and may cross the placenta. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor for advice, as there are more modern antidepressants with a safer side-effects profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a type of antidepressants that block serotonin reuptake in neurons and increase the amount of available serotonin to signal. They also decrease anxiety and lower impulsive behavior. They are used as adhd medication because they improve symptoms in some people and can be helpful along with other medication. Examples of SSRIs are fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from your body, however they are extensively metabolized the liver by CYP450 isoenzymes. This results in variable blood levels. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline can help to reduce PTSD symptoms. They aren't effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can cause a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction. It is crucial to discuss this with your physician if you are considering taking one of these drugs. Many people have to try a few different types of ADHD medications before settling on the one that is suitable for them. The development and research of new medications is ongoing. It is also crucial to disclose all the medications you are taking to your doctor. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) When stimulant drugs don't work for adults with ADHD, doctors often prescribe an antidepressant, also known as a selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin two brain chemical substances. They also improve mood, reduce depression and anxiety. The SNRIs are similar in their negative effects to TCAs but are safer. They are used to treat numerous ailments, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. They can also be employed as an adjunct treatment for depression. The SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor). These medications block the reabsorption process of norepinephrine within the brain, which is a normal process after neurotransmission. This results in a larger-than-normal the phasic release of norepinephrine. The increase in norepinephrine helps improve mood and concentration. Although SNRIs aren't endorsed by the FDA to treat ADHD However, some doctors are using them as a substitute for stimulants. They are usually taken orally as pills but they can be taken as liquids or patches. The FDA approved a oral SNRI known as viloxazine or Qelbree for treating ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It is not a controlled drug since it doesn't have the potential of being abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are prescribed to treat anxiety and depression, but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. SNRI drugs such as venlafaxine or duloxetine have been proven in numerous studies to significantly lower scores on a variety of ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure, and can interact with certain drugs. Therefore, it is important to consult a physician before taking these drugs. Moreover, inappropriately discarded medication could cause harm to animals and people therefore it is essential to follow the proper disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, and have fewer adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs can raise the body's levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine but are not suitable for everyone. Women who are pregnant or nursing should avoid taking SNRIs because they can be passed through breast milk. They should also not be taken by those who suffer from high blood pressure, liver problems or other cardiovascular issues. Selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people with ADHD find that medication helps increase their focus and concentration. Some may also notice a reduction in their impulsive behavior. The medication is usually used with behavioral therapy and training to help individuals learn how to control their symptoms. Finding the appropriate medication for each person requires time. In this process, doctors monitor physical reactions to determine the ideal balance between benefits and side effects. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, increase the activity of certain brain chemicals that control memory and attention. While they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, they can also cause serious side effects, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects usually disappear within some weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children alike can take non-stimulant medications. They can take longer to effect their effects but they can enhance the ability to control impulses and concentration. They could include alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine viloxazine, atomoxetine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants are also effective in treating ADHD. They can boost the neurotransmitter neopinephrine levels in the brain and assist with depression and impulsive behavior. Bupropion, an antidepressant has been used to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label”, but drugmakers came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved the use of it as treatment.